[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":2305},["ShallowReactive",2],{"page-\u002Fmastering-container-queries-responsive-layouts\u002Fviewport-units-and-mobile-layout\u002Fsafe-area-insets-for-notched-screens":3,"content-all-pages":1747},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":1728,"extension":1729,"meta":1730,"navigation":502,"path":1743,"seo":1744,"stem":1745,"__hash__":1746},"content\u002Fmastering-container-queries-responsive-layouts\u002Fviewport-units-and-mobile-layout\u002Fsafe-area-insets-for-notched-screens\u002Findex.md","Safe Area Insets: Designing Around Notches, Corners and Home Indicators",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":1717},"minimark",[9,13,37,42,45,52,55,59,140,169,172,257,267,271,274,1278,1305,1314,1321,1396,1401,1407,1411,1426,1589,1606,1610,1638,1642,1659,1672,1678,1684,1688,1714],[10,11,5],"h1",{"id":12},"safe-area-insets-designing-around-notches-corners-and-home-indicators",[14,15,16,17,21,22,25,26,31,32,36],"p",{},"Phones no longer have rectangular screens. Camera cut-outs intrude from the top edge, display corners are rounded, and gesture bars sit across the bottom. By default, mobile browsers protect pages from all of this by drawing them inside a rectangle that avoids those areas, leaving the corners filled with the browser's own background. That is safe but wastes space and breaks edge-to-edge designs. Opting into full-screen drawing means taking responsibility for keeping text and buttons out of the unsafe zones. This page shows the opt-in, the ",[18,19,20],"code",{},"env()"," variables that report the unsafe areas, and the ",[18,23,24],{},"max()"," pattern that makes padding correct on every device. It belongs to ",[27,28,30],"a",{"href":29},"\u002Fmastering-container-queries-responsive-layouts\u002Fviewport-units-and-mobile-layout\u002F","Viewport Units & Mobile Layout"," within the ",[27,33,35],{"href":34},"\u002Fmastering-container-queries-responsive-layouts\u002F","Mastering Container Queries & Responsive Layouts"," guide.",[38,39,41],"h2",{"id":40},"why-the-default-is-not-enough","Why the default is not enough",[14,43,44],{},"The default letterboxing is conservative on purpose: it guarantees nothing important ends up under a notch, at the cost of visible bars at the screen edges in landscape and a background colour that stops short of the corners. For a text-heavy page that is fine. For a full-bleed hero image, a coloured app header that should extend under the status bar, a map, or an installed web app that should feel native, the bars look broken.",[14,46,47,48,51],{},"Opting out of the letterbox with ",[18,49,50],{},"viewport-fit=cover"," makes the page's background extend to every physical edge. It also means the browser stops moving content away from the unsafe areas, so a fixed header's title can now sit under the camera cut-out, and a bottom navigation bar's buttons can sit under the home indicator where taps are interpreted as a system gesture. The safe area inset variables exist to let you put spacing back exactly where it is needed.",[14,53,54],{},"This is an accessibility issue as much as a visual one. Buttons under the home indicator are hard or impossible to activate, and text under a notch is unreadable, so a page that opts into edge-to-edge drawing and forgets the insets fails basic operability on exactly the devices it was trying to serve better.",[38,56,58],{"id":57},"what-the-insets-describe","What the insets describe",[60,61,67,68,67,72,67,76,67,84,67,92,67,96,67,106,67,110,67,115,67,122,67,127,67,131,67,135],"svg",{"viewBox":62,"role":63,"ariaLabel":64,"xmlns":65,"style":66},"0 0 720 330","img","Landscape phone with a notch on the left and a home indicator at the bottom, showing the four safe area insets","http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F2000\u002Fsvg","width:100%;height:auto;max-width:720px;margin:2rem 0","\n  ",[69,70,71],"title",{},"The four safe area insets in landscape",[73,74,75],"desc",{},"A landscape phone outline with a camera notch on the left edge and a home indicator along the bottom. The left inset is large to clear the notch, the right inset matches it for symmetry, the bottom inset clears the indicator, and the top inset is zero.",[77,78,83],"text",{"textAnchor":79,"x":80,"y":81,"style":82},"middle","360","26","text-anchor:middle;fill:currentColor;font:700 17px sans-serif","Insets measure the unsafe margins, per edge",[85,86],"path",{"d":87,"fill":88,"stroke":89,"strokeWidth":90,"opacity":91},"M110 50 H610 Q650 50 650 90 V250 Q650 290 610 290 H110 Q70 290 70 250 V90 Q70 50 110 50 Z","none","currentColor","2","0.75",[85,93],{"d":94,"fill":89,"opacity":95},"M70 130 H92 Q100 130 100 138 V202 Q100 210 92 210 H70","0.35",[97,98],"rect",{"x":99,"y":100,"width":101,"height":102,"rx":103,"fill":104,"opacity":105},"150","60","420","192","6","#7aa2ff","0.22",[77,107,109],{"textAnchor":79,"x":80,"y":99,"style":108},"text-anchor:middle;fill:currentColor;font:600 14px sans-serif","safe area",[77,111,114],{"textAnchor":79,"x":80,"y":112,"style":113},"172","text-anchor:middle;fill:currentColor;font:12px sans-serif","text and controls go here",[97,116],{"x":117,"y":118,"width":119,"height":103,"rx":120,"fill":89,"opacity":121},"300","270","120","3","0.6",[77,123,126],{"textAnchor":79,"x":119,"y":124,"style":125},"244","text-anchor:middle;fill:currentColor;font:11px ui-monospace,monospace","left",[77,128,130],{"textAnchor":79,"x":129,"y":124,"style":125},"600","right",[77,132,134],{"textAnchor":79,"x":80,"y":133,"style":125},"266","bottom",[77,136,139],{"textAnchor":79,"x":80,"y":137,"style":138},"312","text-anchor:middle;fill:currentColor;font:12px sans-serif;opacity:0.8","env(safe-area-inset-left | right | top | bottom)",[14,141,142,143,146,147,146,150,153,154,157,158,160,161,164,165,168],{},"The browser exposes four environment variables: ",[18,144,145],{},"safe-area-inset-top",", ",[18,148,149],{},"-right",[18,151,152],{},"-bottom"," and ",[18,155,156],{},"-left",". Each is a length measuring how far that edge's unsafe region extends into the viewport. They are read with ",[18,159,20],{},", which works like ",[18,162,163],{},"var()"," but for values supplied by the user agent instead of the stylesheet, and which accepts a fallback: ",[18,166,167],{},"env(safe-area-inset-left, 0px)",".",[14,170,171],{},"The values change with orientation. In portrait on a notched phone, the top inset is large and the sides are zero. Rotate to landscape and the notch moves to a side, so the left or right inset becomes large and the top drops to zero. Some browsers apply the same inset to both sides in landscape so centred layouts stay symmetrical; do not assume which side the notch is on.",[60,173,67,176,67,179,67,182,67,185,67,191,67,197,67,200,67,204,67,210,67,216,67,219,67,223,67,227,67,229,67,231,67,233,67,236,67,239,67,241,67,243,67,250,67,253],{"viewBox":174,"role":63,"ariaLabel":175,"xmlns":65,"style":66},"0 0 720 260","Which insets are non-zero in portrait and in landscape on a notched phone with a home indicator",[69,177,178],{},"Insets by orientation",[73,180,181],{},"In portrait, the top inset clears the camera and the bottom inset clears the home indicator while the sides are zero. In landscape, the left and right insets clear the camera, the bottom inset clears the indicator, and the top is zero.",[77,183,184],{"textAnchor":79,"x":80,"y":81,"style":82},"Rotation moves the large inset to a different edge",[97,186],{"x":187,"y":188,"width":117,"height":189,"rx":103,"fill":104,"opacity":190},"40","50","34","0.34",[77,192,196],{"textAnchor":79,"x":193,"y":194,"style":195},"190","72","text-anchor:middle;fill:currentColor;font:600 13px sans-serif","Portrait",[97,198],{"x":199,"y":188,"width":117,"height":189,"rx":103,"fill":104,"opacity":190},"380",[77,201,203],{"textAnchor":79,"x":202,"y":194,"style":195},"530","Landscape",[77,205,209],{"textAnchor":206,"x":100,"y":207,"style":208},"start","114","text-anchor:start;fill:currentColor;font:12px ui-monospace,monospace","top",[77,211,215],{"textAnchor":212,"x":213,"y":207,"style":214},"end","320","text-anchor:end;fill:currentColor;font:12px sans-serif","large (camera)",[77,217,209],{"textAnchor":206,"x":218,"y":207,"style":208},"400",[77,220,222],{"textAnchor":212,"x":221,"y":207,"style":214},"660","0",[77,224,226],{"textAnchor":206,"x":100,"y":225,"style":208},"146","left \u002F right",[77,228,222],{"textAnchor":212,"x":213,"y":225,"style":214},[77,230,226],{"textAnchor":206,"x":218,"y":225,"style":208},[77,232,215],{"textAnchor":212,"x":221,"y":225,"style":214},[77,234,134],{"textAnchor":206,"x":100,"y":235,"style":208},"178",[77,237,238],{"textAnchor":212,"x":213,"y":235,"style":214},"indicator",[77,240,134],{"textAnchor":206,"x":218,"y":235,"style":208},[77,242,238],{"textAnchor":212,"x":221,"y":235,"style":214},[244,245],"line",{"x1":187,"y1":246,"x2":247,"y2":246,"stroke":89,"strokeWidth":248,"opacity":249},"196","340","1","0.4",[244,251],{"x1":199,"y1":246,"x2":252,"y2":246,"stroke":89,"strokeWidth":248,"opacity":249},"680",[77,254,256],{"textAnchor":79,"x":80,"y":255,"style":113},"232","Write rules for all four edges; never special-case an orientation.",[14,258,259,260,262,263,266],{},"Because the values are live, rules written with ",[18,261,20],{}," update automatically on rotation, with no ",[18,264,265],{},"orientation"," media query required. Writing all four edges once is both simpler and more robust than guessing which edge a given device will need.",[38,268,270],{"id":269},"the-complete-implementation","The complete implementation",[14,272,273],{},"The page below opts into edge-to-edge drawing, lets the header and footer backgrounds reach the physical edges, and keeps their contents inside the safe area.",[275,276,281],"pre",{"className":277,"code":278,"language":279,"meta":280,"style":280},"language-html shiki shiki-themes github-light-high-contrast github-dark-high-contrast","\u003C!doctype html>\n\u003Chtml lang=\"en\">\n\u003Chead>\n\u003Cmeta charset=\"utf-8\">\n\u003C!-- viewport-fit=cover: draw under notches and indicators. Without it,\n     every safe-area inset reports 0 because the browser letterboxes. -->\n\u003Cmeta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1, viewport-fit=cover\">\n\u003Ctitle>Safe area insets\u003C\u002Ftitle>\n\u003Cstyle>\n  html, body { margin: 0; }\n  body {\n    font: 16px\u002F1.6 system-ui, sans-serif;\n    background: #f8fafc;\n  }\n\n  \u002F* Spacing tokens the design would use on a normal rectangle screen. *\u002F\n  :root { --pad: 1rem; }\n\n  \u002F* The header background runs under the status bar and notch; its\n     content is pushed inward by whichever is larger: the design padding\n     or the inset on that edge. *\u002F\n  .app-header {\n    position: sticky;\n    top: 0;\n    background: #1e3a8a;\n    color: #ffffff;\n    padding-top: max(var(--pad), env(safe-area-inset-top));\n    padding-right: max(var(--pad), env(safe-area-inset-right));\n    padding-bottom: var(--pad);\n    padding-left: max(var(--pad), env(safe-area-inset-left));\n  }\n\n  \u002F* Body content respects side insets in landscape. *\u002F\n  main {\n    padding-inline: max(var(--pad), env(safe-area-inset-left))\n                    max(var(--pad), env(safe-area-inset-right));\n  }\n\n  \u002F* The tab bar is fixed to the bottom; its buttons must clear the\n     home indicator, so the bottom inset is added below the buttons. *\u002F\n  .tab-bar {\n    position: fixed;\n    inset: auto 0 0 0;\n    display: flex;\n    justify-content: space-around;\n    background: #ffffff;\n    border-top: 1px solid #e2e8f0;\n    padding-top: 0.5rem;\n    padding-bottom: max(0.5rem, env(safe-area-inset-bottom));\n    padding-inline: env(safe-area-inset-left) env(safe-area-inset-right);\n  }\n  .tab-bar a {\n    min-width: 44px;\n    min-height: 44px;\n    display: grid;\n    place-items: center;\n    color: #1e3a8a;\n  }\n\n  \u002F* Leave room at the end of the page for the fixed tab bar. *\u002F\n  main { padding-bottom: calc(4rem + env(safe-area-inset-bottom, 0px)); }\n\u003C\u002Fstyle>\n\u003C\u002Fhead>\n\u003Cbody>\n  \u003Cheader class=\"app-header\">\u003Ch1>Trips\u003C\u002Fh1>\u003C\u002Fheader>\n  \u003Cmain>\u003Cp>Content…\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fmain>\n  \u003Cnav class=\"tab-bar\" aria-label=\"Sections\">\n    \u003Ca href=\"\u002F\">Home\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Ca href=\"\u002Ftrips\u002F\">Trips\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Ca href=\"\u002Fprofile\u002F\">Profile\u003C\u002Fa>\n  \u003C\u002Fnav>\n\u003C\u002Fbody>\n\u003C\u002Fhtml>\n","html","",[18,282,283,302,322,332,350,357,363,388,402,412,437,446,478,491,497,504,510,531,536,542,548,554,562,575,587,599,612,642,667,684,709,714,719,725,733,758,784,789,794,800,806,814,826,846,859,872,883,903,917,939,955,960,970,985,999,1011,1024,1035,1040,1045,1051,1086,1096,1105,1114,1148,1171,1196,1250,1260,1269],{"__ignoreMap":280},[284,285,287,291,295,299],"span",{"class":244,"line":286},1,[284,288,290],{"class":289},"suds8","\u003C!",[284,292,294],{"class":293},"sne4z","doctype",[284,296,298],{"class":297},"s-5SL"," html",[284,300,301],{"class":289},">\n",[284,303,305,308,310,313,316,320],{"class":244,"line":304},2,[284,306,307],{"class":289},"\u003C",[284,309,279],{"class":293},[284,311,312],{"class":297}," lang",[284,314,315],{"class":289},"=",[284,317,319],{"class":318},"sT6z2","\"en\"",[284,321,301],{"class":289},[284,323,325,327,330],{"class":244,"line":324},3,[284,326,307],{"class":289},[284,328,329],{"class":293},"head",[284,331,301],{"class":289},[284,333,335,337,340,343,345,348],{"class":244,"line":334},4,[284,336,307],{"class":289},[284,338,339],{"class":293},"meta",[284,341,342],{"class":297}," charset",[284,344,315],{"class":289},[284,346,347],{"class":318},"\"utf-8\"",[284,349,301],{"class":289},[284,351,353],{"class":244,"line":352},5,[284,354,356],{"class":355},"sLBg1","\u003C!-- viewport-fit=cover: draw under notches and indicators. Without it,\n",[284,358,360],{"class":244,"line":359},6,[284,361,362],{"class":355},"     every safe-area inset reports 0 because the browser letterboxes. -->\n",[284,364,366,368,370,373,375,378,381,383,386],{"class":244,"line":365},7,[284,367,307],{"class":289},[284,369,339],{"class":293},[284,371,372],{"class":297}," name",[284,374,315],{"class":289},[284,376,377],{"class":318},"\"viewport\"",[284,379,380],{"class":297}," content",[284,382,315],{"class":289},[284,384,385],{"class":318},"\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1, viewport-fit=cover\"",[284,387,301],{"class":289},[284,389,391,393,395,398,400],{"class":244,"line":390},8,[284,392,307],{"class":289},[284,394,69],{"class":293},[284,396,397],{"class":289},">Safe area insets\u003C\u002F",[284,399,69],{"class":293},[284,401,301],{"class":289},[284,403,405,407,410],{"class":244,"line":404},9,[284,406,307],{"class":289},[284,408,409],{"class":293},"style",[284,411,301],{"class":289},[284,413,415,418,420,423,426,429,432,434],{"class":244,"line":414},10,[284,416,417],{"class":293},"  html",[284,419,146],{"class":289},[284,421,422],{"class":293},"body",[284,424,425],{"class":289}," { ",[284,427,428],{"class":297},"margin",[284,430,431],{"class":289},": ",[284,433,222],{"class":297},[284,435,436],{"class":289},"; 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its\n",[284,543,545],{"class":244,"line":544},20,[284,546,547],{"class":355},"     content is pushed inward by whichever is larger: the design padding\n",[284,549,551],{"class":244,"line":550},21,[284,552,553],{"class":355},"     or the inset on that edge. *\u002F\n",[284,555,557,560],{"class":244,"line":556},22,[284,558,559],{"class":297},"  .app-header",[284,561,445],{"class":289},[284,563,565,568,570,573],{"class":244,"line":564},23,[284,566,567],{"class":297},"    position",[284,569,431],{"class":289},[284,571,572],{"class":297},"sticky",[284,574,477],{"class":289},[284,576,578,581,583,585],{"class":244,"line":577},24,[284,579,580],{"class":297},"    top",[284,582,431],{"class":289},[284,584,222],{"class":297},[284,586,477],{"class":289},[284,588,590,592,594,597],{"class":244,"line":589},25,[284,591,483],{"class":297},[284,593,431],{"class":289},[284,595,596],{"class":297},"#1e3a8a",[284,598,477],{"class":289},[284,600,602,605,607,610],{"class":244,"line":601},26,[284,603,604],{"class":297},"    color",[284,606,431],{"class":289},[284,608,609],{"class":297},"#ffffff",[284,611,477],{"class":289},[284,613,615,618,620,623,626,629,631,633,636,639],{"class":244,"line":614},27,[284,616,617],{"class":297},"    padding-top",[284,619,431],{"class":289},[284,621,622],{"class":297},"max",[284,624,625],{"class":289},"(",[284,627,628],{"class":297},"var",[284,630,625],{"class":289},[284,632,521],{"class":520},[284,634,635],{"class":289},"), ",[284,637,638],{"class":520},"env(safe-area-inset-top",[284,640,641],{"class":289},"));\n",[284,643,645,648,650,652,654,656,658,660,662,665],{"class":244,"line":644},28,[284,646,647],{"class":297},"    padding-right",[284,649,431],{"class":289},[284,651,622],{"class":297},[284,653,625],{"class":289},[284,655,628],{"class":297},[284,657,625],{"class":289},[284,659,521],{"class":520},[284,661,635],{"class":289},[284,663,664],{"class":520},"env(safe-area-inset-right",[284,666,641],{"class":289},[284,668,670,673,675,677,679,681],{"class":244,"line":669},29,[284,671,672],{"class":297},"    padding-bottom",[284,674,431],{"class":289},[284,676,628],{"class":297},[284,678,625],{"class":289},[284,680,521],{"class":520},[284,682,683],{"class":289},");\n",[284,685,687,690,692,694,696,698,700,702,704,707],{"class":244,"line":686},30,[284,688,689],{"class":297},"    padding-left",[284,691,431],{"class":289},[284,693,622],{"class":297},[284,695,625],{"class":289},[284,697,628],{"class":297},[284,699,625],{"class":289},[284,701,521],{"class":520},[284,703,635],{"class":289},[284,705,706],{"class":520},"env(safe-area-inset-left",[284,708,641],{"class":289},[284,710,712],{"class":244,"line":711},31,[284,713,496],{"class":289},[284,715,717],{"class":244,"line":716},32,[284,718,503],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":502},[284,720,722],{"class":244,"line":721},33,[284,723,724],{"class":355},"  \u002F* Body content respects side insets in landscape. *\u002F\n",[284,726,728,731],{"class":244,"line":727},34,[284,729,730],{"class":293},"  main",[284,732,445],{"class":289},[284,734,736,739,741,743,745,747,749,751,753,755],{"class":244,"line":735},35,[284,737,738],{"class":297},"    padding-inline",[284,740,431],{"class":289},[284,742,622],{"class":297},[284,744,625],{"class":289},[284,746,628],{"class":297},[284,748,625],{"class":289},[284,750,521],{"class":520},[284,752,635],{"class":289},[284,754,706],{"class":520},[284,756,757],{"class":289},"))\n",[284,759,761,764,766,768,770,772,774,777,779,782],{"class":244,"line":760},36,[284,762,763],{"class":297},"                    max",[284,765,625],{"class":289},[284,767,628],{"class":297},[284,769,625],{"class":289},[284,771,521],{"class":520},[284,773,635],{"class":289},[284,775,776],{"class":297},"env",[284,778,625],{"class":289},[284,780,781],{"class":297},"safe-area-inset-right",[284,783,641],{"class":289},[284,785,787],{"class":244,"line":786},37,[284,788,496],{"class":289},[284,790,792],{"class":244,"line":791},38,[284,793,503],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":502},[284,795,797],{"class":244,"line":796},39,[284,798,799],{"class":355},"  \u002F* The tab bar is fixed to the bottom; its buttons must clear the\n",[284,801,803],{"class":244,"line":802},40,[284,804,805],{"class":355},"     home indicator, so the bottom inset is added below the buttons. *\u002F\n",[284,807,809,812],{"class":244,"line":808},41,[284,810,811],{"class":297},"  .tab-bar",[284,813,445],{"class":289},[284,815,817,819,821,824],{"class":244,"line":816},42,[284,818,567],{"class":297},[284,820,431],{"class":289},[284,822,823],{"class":297},"fixed",[284,825,477],{"class":289},[284,827,829,832,834,837,840,842,844],{"class":244,"line":828},43,[284,830,831],{"class":297},"    inset",[284,833,431],{"class":289},[284,835,836],{"class":297},"auto",[284,838,839],{"class":297}," 0",[284,841,839],{"class":297},[284,843,839],{"class":297},[284,845,477],{"class":289},[284,847,849,852,854,857],{"class":244,"line":848},44,[284,850,851],{"class":297},"    display",[284,853,431],{"class":289},[284,855,856],{"class":297},"flex",[284,858,477],{"class":289},[284,860,862,865,867,870],{"class":244,"line":861},45,[284,863,864],{"class":297},"    justify-content",[284,866,431],{"class":289},[284,868,869],{"class":297},"space-around",[284,871,477],{"class":289},[284,873,875,877,879,881],{"class":244,"line":874},46,[284,876,483],{"class":297},[284,878,431],{"class":289},[284,880,609],{"class":297},[284,882,477],{"class":289},[284,884,886,889,891,893,895,898,901],{"class":244,"line":885},47,[284,887,888],{"class":297},"    border-top",[284,890,431],{"class":289},[284,892,248],{"class":297},[284,894,460],{"class":459},[284,896,897],{"class":297}," solid",[284,899,900],{"class":297}," #e2e8f0",[284,902,477],{"class":289},[284,904,906,908,910,913,915],{"class":244,"line":905},48,[284,907,617],{"class":297},[284,909,431],{"class":289},[284,911,912],{"class":297},"0.5",[284,914,528],{"class":459},[284,916,477],{"class":289},[284,918,920,922,924,926,928,930,932,934,937],{"class":244,"line":919},49,[284,921,672],{"class":297},[284,923,431],{"class":289},[284,925,622],{"class":297},[284,927,625],{"class":289},[284,929,912],{"class":297},[284,931,528],{"class":459},[284,933,146],{"class":289},[284,935,936],{"class":520},"env(safe-area-inset-bottom",[284,938,641],{"class":289},[284,940,942,944,947,949,951,953],{"class":244,"line":941},50,[284,943,738],{"class":297},[284,945,946],{"class":289},": env(safe-area-inset-left) ",[284,948,776],{"class":297},[284,950,625],{"class":289},[284,952,781],{"class":297},[284,954,683],{"class":289},[284,956,958],{"class":244,"line":957},51,[284,959,496],{"class":289},[284,961,963,965,968],{"class":244,"line":962},52,[284,964,811],{"class":297},[284,966,967],{"class":293}," a",[284,969,445],{"class":289},[284,971,973,976,978,981,983],{"class":244,"line":972},53,[284,974,975],{"class":297},"    min-width",[284,977,431],{"class":289},[284,979,980],{"class":297},"44",[284,982,460],{"class":459},[284,984,477],{"class":289},[284,986,988,991,993,995,997],{"class":244,"line":987},54,[284,989,990],{"class":297},"    min-height",[284,992,431],{"class":289},[284,994,980],{"class":297},[284,996,460],{"class":459},[284,998,477],{"class":289},[284,1000,1002,1004,1006,1009],{"class":244,"line":1001},55,[284,1003,851],{"class":297},[284,1005,431],{"class":289},[284,1007,1008],{"class":297},"grid",[284,1010,477],{"class":289},[284,1012,1014,1017,1019,1022],{"class":244,"line":1013},56,[284,1015,1016],{"class":297},"    place-items",[284,1018,431],{"class":289},[284,1020,1021],{"class":297},"center",[284,1023,477],{"class":289},[284,1025,1027,1029,1031,1033],{"class":244,"line":1026},57,[284,1028,604],{"class":297},[284,1030,431],{"class":289},[284,1032,596],{"class":297},[284,1034,477],{"class":289},[284,1036,1038],{"class":244,"line":1037},58,[284,1039,496],{"class":289},[284,1041,1043],{"class":244,"line":1042},59,[284,1044,503],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":502},[284,1046,1048],{"class":244,"line":1047},60,[284,1049,1050],{"class":355},"  \u002F* Leave room at the end of the page for the fixed tab bar. *\u002F\n",[284,1052,1054,1056,1058,1061,1063,1066,1068,1071,1073,1076,1079,1081,1083],{"class":244,"line":1053},61,[284,1055,730],{"class":293},[284,1057,425],{"class":289},[284,1059,1060],{"class":297},"padding-bottom",[284,1062,431],{"class":289},[284,1064,1065],{"class":297},"calc",[284,1067,625],{"class":289},[284,1069,1070],{"class":297},"4",[284,1072,528],{"class":459},[284,1074,1075],{"class":459}," +",[284,1077,1078],{"class":289}," env(safe-area-inset-bottom, ",[284,1080,222],{"class":297},[284,1082,460],{"class":459},[284,1084,1085],{"class":289},")); }\n",[284,1087,1089,1092,1094],{"class":244,"line":1088},62,[284,1090,1091],{"class":289},"\u003C\u002F",[284,1093,409],{"class":293},[284,1095,301],{"class":289},[284,1097,1099,1101,1103],{"class":244,"line":1098},63,[284,1100,1091],{"class":289},[284,1102,329],{"class":293},[284,1104,301],{"class":289},[284,1106,1108,1110,1112],{"class":244,"line":1107},64,[284,1109,307],{"class":289},[284,1111,422],{"class":293},[284,1113,301],{"class":289},[284,1115,1117,1120,1123,1126,1128,1131,1134,1136,1139,1141,1144,1146],{"class":244,"line":1116},65,[284,1118,1119],{"class":289},"  \u003C",[284,1121,1122],{"class":293},"header",[284,1124,1125],{"class":297}," class",[284,1127,315],{"class":289},[284,1129,1130],{"class":318},"\"app-header\"",[284,1132,1133],{"class":289},">\u003C",[284,1135,10],{"class":293},[284,1137,1138],{"class":289},">Trips\u003C\u002F",[284,1140,10],{"class":293},[284,1142,1143],{"class":289},">\u003C\u002F",[284,1145,1122],{"class":293},[284,1147,301],{"class":289},[284,1149,1151,1153,1156,1158,1160,1163,1165,1167,1169],{"class":244,"line":1150},66,[284,1152,1119],{"class":289},[284,1154,1155],{"class":293},"main",[284,1157,1133],{"class":289},[284,1159,14],{"class":293},[284,1161,1162],{"class":289},">Content…\u003C\u002F",[284,1164,14],{"class":293},[284,1166,1143],{"class":289},[284,1168,1155],{"class":293},[284,1170,301],{"class":289},[284,1172,1174,1176,1179,1181,1183,1186,1189,1191,1194],{"class":244,"line":1173},67,[284,1175,1119],{"class":289},[284,1177,1178],{"class":293},"nav",[284,1180,1125],{"class":297},[284,1182,315],{"class":289},[284,1184,1185],{"class":318},"\"tab-bar\"",[284,1187,1188],{"class":297}," aria-label",[284,1190,315],{"class":289},[284,1192,1193],{"class":318},"\"Sections\"",[284,1195,301],{"class":289},[284,1197,1199,1202,1204,1207,1209,1212,1215,1217,1219,1221,1223,1225,1228,1230,1232,1234,1236,1238,1240,1243,1246,1248],{"class":244,"line":1198},68,[284,1200,1201],{"class":289},"    \u003C",[284,1203,27],{"class":293},[284,1205,1206],{"class":297}," href",[284,1208,315],{"class":289},[284,1210,1211],{"class":318},"\"\u002F\"",[284,1213,1214],{"class":289},">Home\u003C\u002F",[284,1216,27],{"class":293},[284,1218,1133],{"class":289},[284,1220,27],{"class":293},[284,1222,1206],{"class":297},[284,1224,315],{"class":289},[284,1226,1227],{"class":318},"\"\u002Ftrips\u002F\"",[284,1229,1138],{"class":289},[284,1231,27],{"class":293},[284,1233,1133],{"class":289},[284,1235,27],{"class":293},[284,1237,1206],{"class":297},[284,1239,315],{"class":289},[284,1241,1242],{"class":318},"\"\u002Fprofile\u002F\"",[284,1244,1245],{"class":289},">Profile\u003C\u002F",[284,1247,27],{"class":293},[284,1249,301],{"class":289},[284,1251,1253,1256,1258],{"class":244,"line":1252},69,[284,1254,1255],{"class":289},"  \u003C\u002F",[284,1257,1178],{"class":293},[284,1259,301],{"class":289},[284,1261,1263,1265,1267],{"class":244,"line":1262},70,[284,1264,1091],{"class":289},[284,1266,422],{"class":293},[284,1268,301],{"class":289},[284,1270,1272,1274,1276],{"class":244,"line":1271},71,[284,1273,1091],{"class":289},[284,1275,279],{"class":293},[284,1277,301],{"class":289},[14,1279,1280,1281,1284,1285,1287,1288,1292,1293,1297,1298,1300,1301,1304],{},"Three details are easy to miss. The logical shorthand ",[18,1282,1283],{},"padding-inline"," in ",[18,1286,1155],{}," still takes physical insets, because the insets are physical by nature — a notch on the left is on the left regardless of text direction — so in right-to-left text the values should be swapped or written with physical longhands. The tab bar's links are 44 by 44 pixels, the minimum target size recommended in ",[27,1289,1291],{"href":1290},"\u002Fcss-only-micro-interactions-animations\u002Faccessibility-in-css-animations\u002Ftarget-size-and-pointer-accessibility\u002F","Target Size and Pointer Accessibility",", and the inset adds space ",[1294,1295,1296],"em",{},"below"," them rather than shrinking them. And the final ",[18,1299,1155],{}," padding uses ",[18,1302,1303],{},"calc()"," intentionally: the tab bar's height plus the inset is genuinely additive, unlike the edge padding.",[38,1306,1308,1309,1311,1312],{"id":1307},"the-key-technique-max-not-calc","The key technique: ",[18,1310,24],{},", not ",[18,1313,1303],{},[14,1315,1316,1317,1320],{},"The single most common mistake is adding the inset to the existing padding. On a phone whose bottom inset is 34 pixels, ",[18,1318,1319],{},"calc(1rem + env(safe-area-inset-bottom))"," gives 50 pixels of padding — the design's spacing plus the indicator's, stacked. The design only ever needed one of them.",[60,1322,67,1325,67,1328,67,1331,67,1334,67,1340,67,1346,67,1349,67,1353,67,1357,67,1361,67,1366,67,1369,67,1373,67,1376,67,1379,67,1382,67,1384,67,1388,67,1392],{"viewBox":1323,"role":63,"ariaLabel":1324,"xmlns":65,"style":66},"0 0 720 280","Comparison of calc adding padding and inset versus max choosing the larger, on a device with and without an inset",[69,1326,1327],{},"calc() stacks the spacing, max() chooses it",[73,1329,1330],{},"On a device with no inset both give 16 pixels. On a device with a 34 pixel inset, calc gives 50 pixels while max gives 34 pixels, which is just enough to clear the indicator.",[77,1332,1333],{"textAnchor":79,"x":80,"y":81,"style":82},"Bottom padding with a 1rem design value",[97,1335],{"x":1336,"y":980,"width":1337,"height":1338,"rx":103,"fill":104,"opacity":1339},"250","200","30","0.3",[77,1341,1345],{"textAnchor":79,"x":1342,"y":1343,"style":1344},"350","64","text-anchor:middle;fill:currentColor;font:600 12px sans-serif","no inset (0px)",[97,1347],{"x":1348,"y":980,"width":1337,"height":1338,"rx":103,"fill":104,"opacity":1339},"480",[77,1350,1352],{"textAnchor":79,"x":1351,"y":1343,"style":1344},"580","indicator (34px)",[77,1354,1356],{"textAnchor":206,"x":187,"y":1355,"style":208},"118","calc(1rem + inset)",[97,1358],{"x":117,"y":1359,"width":456,"height":1360,"fill":104,"opacity":121},"100","28",[77,1362,1365],{"textAnchor":206,"x":1363,"y":1364,"style":208},"330","119","16px",[97,1367],{"x":1368,"y":1359,"width":188,"height":1360,"fill":104,"opacity":121},"500",[77,1370,1372],{"textAnchor":206,"x":1371,"y":1364,"style":208},"560","50px, too much",[77,1374,1375],{"textAnchor":206,"x":187,"y":235,"style":208},"max(1rem, inset)",[97,1377],{"x":117,"y":1378,"width":456,"height":1360,"fill":104,"opacity":121},"160",[77,1380,1365],{"textAnchor":206,"x":1363,"y":1381,"style":208},"179",[97,1383],{"x":1368,"y":1378,"width":189,"height":1360,"fill":104,"opacity":121},[77,1385,1387],{"textAnchor":206,"x":1386,"y":1381,"style":208},"544","34px, just right",[77,1389,1391],{"textAnchor":79,"x":80,"y":1390,"style":113},"236","The inset already includes breathing room around the indicator;",[77,1393,1395],{"textAnchor":79,"x":80,"y":1394,"style":113},"256","adding design padding on top double-counts it.",[14,1397,1398,1400],{},[18,1399,24],{}," expresses the actual requirement: \"at least my design padding, and at least enough to clear the hardware\". On an ordinary screen the inset is zero and the design value wins. On a notched screen the inset wins where it is larger and the design value wins where it is not. There is no device on which the spacing is too small or doubled.",[14,1402,1403,1404,1406],{},"Use ",[18,1405,1303],{}," only where two distances really are additive, as with the page-end padding that must clear both the tab bar's height and the indicator beneath it.",[38,1408,1410],{"id":1409},"variation-safe-insets-in-an-installed-web-app","Variation: safe insets in an installed web app",[14,1412,1413,1414,1417,1418,1421,1422,1425],{},"An installed progressive web app with ",[18,1415,1416],{},"\"display\": \"standalone\""," or ",[18,1419,1420],{},"\"fullscreen\""," in its manifest has no browser toolbar at all, so the page reaches the bottom edge permanently and the bottom inset is always in effect on phones with a home indicator. The same rules apply, but two more considerations come in: the status bar at the top is drawn over the page, and its text colour is decided by the ",[18,1423,1424],{},"theme-color"," meta tag, so the header's background must contrast with it.",[275,1427,1431],{"className":1428,"code":1429,"language":1430,"meta":280,"style":280},"language-css shiki shiki-themes github-light-high-contrast github-dark-high-contrast","\u002F* In standalone mode, extend the header colour under the status bar\n   and make sure the header is tall enough to hold both. *\u002F\n@media (display-mode: standalone) {\n  .app-header {\n    padding-top: max(1rem, env(safe-area-inset-top));\n    min-height: calc(3.5rem + env(safe-area-inset-top, 0px));\n  }\n}\n\n\u002F* When a landscape notch is present, keep long horizontal content\n   such as carousels from scrolling under it. *\u002F\n.carousel {\n  scroll-padding-inline: max(1rem, env(safe-area-inset-left))\n                         max(1rem, env(safe-area-inset-right));\n}\n","css",[18,1432,1433,1438,1443,1462,1468,1488,1514,1518,1523,1527,1532,1537,1544,1565,1585],{"__ignoreMap":280},[284,1434,1435],{"class":244,"line":286},[284,1436,1437],{"class":355},"\u002F* In standalone mode, extend the header colour under the status bar\n",[284,1439,1440],{"class":244,"line":304},[284,1441,1442],{"class":355},"   and make sure the header is tall enough to hold both. *\u002F\n",[284,1444,1445,1448,1451,1454,1456,1459],{"class":244,"line":324},[284,1446,1447],{"class":459},"@media",[284,1449,1450],{"class":289}," (",[284,1452,1453],{"class":297},"display-mode",[284,1455,431],{"class":289},[284,1457,1458],{"class":297},"standalone",[284,1460,1461],{"class":289},") {\n",[284,1463,1464,1466],{"class":244,"line":334},[284,1465,559],{"class":297},[284,1467,445],{"class":289},[284,1469,1470,1472,1474,1476,1478,1480,1482,1484,1486],{"class":244,"line":352},[284,1471,617],{"class":297},[284,1473,431],{"class":289},[284,1475,622],{"class":297},[284,1477,625],{"class":289},[284,1479,248],{"class":297},[284,1481,528],{"class":459},[284,1483,146],{"class":289},[284,1485,638],{"class":520},[284,1487,641],{"class":289},[284,1489,1490,1492,1494,1496,1498,1501,1503,1505,1508,1510,1512],{"class":244,"line":359},[284,1491,990],{"class":297},[284,1493,431],{"class":289},[284,1495,1065],{"class":297},[284,1497,625],{"class":289},[284,1499,1500],{"class":297},"3.5",[284,1502,528],{"class":459},[284,1504,1075],{"class":459},[284,1506,1507],{"class":289}," env(safe-area-inset-top, ",[284,1509,222],{"class":297},[284,1511,460],{"class":459},[284,1513,641],{"class":289},[284,1515,1516],{"class":244,"line":365},[284,1517,496],{"class":289},[284,1519,1520],{"class":244,"line":390},[284,1521,1522],{"class":289},"}\n",[284,1524,1525],{"class":244,"line":404},[284,1526,503],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":502},[284,1528,1529],{"class":244,"line":414},[284,1530,1531],{"class":355},"\u002F* When a landscape notch is present, keep long horizontal content\n",[284,1533,1534],{"class":244,"line":439},[284,1535,1536],{"class":355},"   such as carousels from scrolling under it. *\u002F\n",[284,1538,1539,1542],{"class":244,"line":448},[284,1540,1541],{"class":297},".carousel",[284,1543,445],{"class":289},[284,1545,1546,1549,1551,1553,1555,1557,1559,1561,1563],{"class":244,"line":480},[284,1547,1548],{"class":297},"  scroll-padding-inline",[284,1550,431],{"class":289},[284,1552,622],{"class":297},[284,1554,625],{"class":289},[284,1556,248],{"class":297},[284,1558,528],{"class":459},[284,1560,146],{"class":289},[284,1562,706],{"class":520},[284,1564,757],{"class":289},[284,1566,1567,1570,1573,1575,1577,1579,1581,1583],{"class":244,"line":493},[284,1568,1569],{"class":297},"                         max",[284,1571,1572],{"class":289},"(1",[284,1574,528],{"class":297},[284,1576,146],{"class":289},[284,1578,776],{"class":297},[284,1580,625],{"class":289},[284,1582,781],{"class":297},[284,1584,641],{"class":289},[284,1586,1587],{"class":244,"line":499},[284,1588,1522],{"class":289},[14,1590,1591,1592,1595,1596,1600,1601,1605],{},"The carousel rule is a reminder that insets are useful beyond padding. ",[18,1593,1594],{},"scroll-padding"," decides where snapped items come to rest, and without the inset the first card of a ",[27,1597,1599],{"href":1598},"\u002Fmastering-container-queries-responsive-layouts\u002Fscroll-snap-and-overflow-layouts\u002F","scroll-snap carousel"," would snap into position behind the notch. For full-width media that should run under the insets while text does not, the approach in ",[27,1602,1604],{"href":1603},"\u002Fmastering-container-queries-responsive-layouts\u002Fviewport-units-and-mobile-layout\u002Ffull-bleed-sections-in-constrained-layouts\u002F","Full-Bleed Sections in Constrained Layouts"," pairs naturally with these rules.",[38,1607,1609],{"id":1608},"browser-support","Browser support",[14,1611,1612,1614,1615,1618,1619,1621,1622,1624,1625,1627,1628,1630,1631,1634,1635,1637],{},[18,1613,20],{}," with the four ",[18,1616,1617],{},"safe-area-inset-*"," variables is supported in all current mobile browsers, and desktop browsers report zero for each, so the rules are safe to ship unconditionally. ",[18,1620,24],{}," is supported in Chrome and Edge 79+, Firefox 75+ and Safari 13.1+. The ",[18,1623,50],{}," meta key is honoured by browsers on devices with non-rectangular displays and ignored elsewhere. Always pass a fallback to ",[18,1626,20],{}," inside ",[18,1629,1303],{}," — ",[18,1632,1633],{},"env(safe-area-inset-bottom, 0px)"," — because an unresolved ",[18,1636,20],{}," without one makes the whole declaration invalid at computed-value time.",[38,1639,1641],{"id":1640},"faq","FAQ",[14,1643,1644,1652,1653,1655,1656,1658],{},[1645,1646,1647,1648,1651],"strong",{},"Why does ",[18,1649,1650],{},"env(safe-area-inset-top)"," always return 0?","\nBecause the page has not opted into drawing under the unsafe areas. Without ",[18,1654,50],{}," in the viewport meta tag, the browser letterboxes the page inside the safe area itself, so every inset is zero. Add ",[18,1657,50],{}," and the insets report real values on devices that have them.",[14,1660,1661,1664,1665,1668,1669,1671],{},[1645,1662,1663],{},"Should I add the inset to my padding or replace the padding with it?","\nNeither exactly. Use ",[18,1666,1667],{},"max(normal padding, the inset)"," so the element keeps its designed spacing on ordinary screens and grows only where the inset is larger. Adding them with ",[18,1670,1303],{}," doubles the spacing on devices where the inset is already generous.",[14,1673,1674,1677],{},[1645,1675,1676],{},"Do safe area insets matter on desktop?","\nRarely. On desktop browsers the insets are zero, so rules using them fall back to the normal padding. They matter on phones and tablets with notches, camera cut-outs, rounded display corners or a home indicator, and in installed web apps that draw edge to edge.",[14,1679,1680,1683],{},[1645,1681,1682],{},"Does the bottom inset change when the browser toolbar appears?","\nIt can. On phones with a home indicator, the bottom inset is non-zero when the page reaches the bottom edge of the screen, which happens in full-screen web apps and when the browser toolbar is hidden. Fixed bottom bars should always include it so their buttons never sit under the indicator.",[38,1685,1687],{"id":1686},"related","Related",[1689,1690,1691,1697,1704,1709],"ul",{},[1692,1693,1694,1696],"li",{},[27,1695,30],{"href":29}," — the parent guide to mobile viewport handling.",[1692,1698,1699,1703],{},[27,1700,1702],{"href":1701},"\u002Fmastering-container-queries-responsive-layouts\u002Fviewport-units-and-mobile-layout\u002Fdvh-svh-lvh-mobile-viewport-units\u002F","dvh, svh and lvh"," — the height half of the same problem.",[1692,1705,1706,1708],{},[27,1707,1604],{"href":1603}," — edge-to-edge media with safe text.",[1692,1710,1711,1713],{},[27,1712,1291],{"href":1290}," — keeping bottom-bar buttons usable.",[409,1715,1716],{},"html pre.shiki code .suds8, html code.shiki .suds8{--shiki-default:#0E1116;--shiki-dark:#F0F3F6}html pre.shiki code .sne4z, html code.shiki .sne4z{--shiki-default:#024C1A;--shiki-dark:#72F088}html pre.shiki code .s-5SL, html code.shiki .s-5SL{--shiki-default:#023B95;--shiki-dark:#91CBFF}html pre.shiki code .sT6z2, html code.shiki .sT6z2{--shiki-default:#032563;--shiki-dark:#ADDCFF}html pre.shiki code .sLBg1, html code.shiki .sLBg1{--shiki-default:#66707B;--shiki-dark:#BDC4CC}html pre.shiki code .sHUrx, html code.shiki .sHUrx{--shiki-default:#A0111F;--shiki-dark:#FF9492}html pre.shiki code .soyes, html code.shiki .soyes{--shiki-default:#702C00;--shiki-dark:#FFB757}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}",{"title":280,"searchDepth":304,"depth":304,"links":1718},[1719,1720,1721,1722,1724,1725,1726,1727],{"id":40,"depth":304,"text":41},{"id":57,"depth":304,"text":58},{"id":269,"depth":304,"text":270},{"id":1307,"depth":304,"text":1723},"The key technique: max(), not calc()",{"id":1409,"depth":304,"text":1410},{"id":1608,"depth":304,"text":1609},{"id":1640,"depth":304,"text":1641},{"id":1686,"depth":304,"text":1687},"Keep content clear of notches, rounded corners and home indicators with viewport-fit=cover and env(safe-area-inset-*), combined with max() for normal padding.","md",{"pageTitle":1731,"datePublished":1732,"dateModified":1732,"faq":1733},"Safe Area Insets for Notched Screens","2026-09-18",[1734,1737,1739,1741],{"q":1735,"a":1736},"Why does env(safe-area-inset-top) always return 0?","Because the page has not opted into drawing under the unsafe areas. Without viewport-fit=cover in the viewport meta tag, the browser letterboxes the page inside the safe area itself, so every inset is zero. Add viewport-fit=cover and the insets report real values on devices that have them.",{"q":1663,"a":1738},"Neither exactly. Use max(normal padding, the inset) so the element keeps its designed spacing on ordinary screens and grows only where the inset is larger. Adding them with calc() doubles the spacing on devices where the inset is already generous.",{"q":1676,"a":1740},"Rarely. On desktop browsers the insets are zero, so rules using them fall back to the normal padding. They matter on phones and tablets with notches, camera cut-outs, rounded display corners or a home indicator, and in installed web apps that draw edge to edge.",{"q":1682,"a":1742},"It can. On phones with a home indicator, the bottom inset is non-zero when the page reaches the bottom edge of the screen, which happens in full-screen web apps and when the browser toolbar is hidden. Fixed bottom bars should always include it so their buttons never sit under the indicator.","\u002Fmastering-container-queries-responsive-layouts\u002Fviewport-units-and-mobile-layout\u002Fsafe-area-insets-for-notched-screens",{"title":5,"description":1728},"mastering-container-queries-responsive-layouts\u002Fviewport-units-and-mobile-layout\u002Fsafe-area-insets-for-notched-screens\u002Findex","ABL4W7X0ypix313XbyMadigdS7NkDOkq9_6A-Tjxf_M",[1748,1751,1754,1757,1760,1763,1766,1769,1772,1775,1778,1781,1784,1787,1790,1793,1796,1799,1802,1805,1808,1811,1814,1817,1820,1823,1826,1829,1832,1835,1838,1841,1844,1847,1850,1853,1856,1859,1862,1865,1868,1871,1874,1877,1880,1883,1886,1889,1892,1895,1898,1901,1904,1907,1910,1913,1916,1919,1922,1925,1928,1931,1934,1937,1940,1943,1946,1949,1952,1955,1958,1961,1964,1967,1970,1973,1976,1979,1982,1985,1988,1991,1994,1997,2000,2003,2006,2009,2012,2015,2018,2021,2024,2027,2029,2032,2035,2038,2041,2044,2047,2050,2053,2056,2059,2062,2065,2068,2071,2074,2077,2080,2083,2086,2089,2092,2095,2098,2101,2104,2107,2110,2113,2116,2119,2122,2125,2128,2131,2134,2137,2140,2143,2146,2149,2152,2155,2158,2161,2164,2167,2169,2172,2175,2178,2181,2184,2187,2190,2193,2196,2199,2202,2205,2208,2211,2214,2217,2220,2223,2226,2229,2232,2235,2238,2241,2244,2247,2250,2253,2256,2259,2262,2265,2268,2271,2274,2277,2280,2283,2286,2289,2292,2295,2298,2299,2302],{"path":1749,"title":1750},"\u002Fcss-only-micro-interactions-animations\u002Faccessibility-in-css-animations\u002Fcreating-accessible-focus-indicators","Creating 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